This study investigates the changes in leaf pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids—in various triticale cultivars grown under the conditions of the Samarkand region in response to different nitrogen fertilizer rates. The pigment system of plants is one of the key factors determining the efficiency of the photosynthesis process. The results of the study showed that applying nitrogen at optimal rates enhances the synthesis and accumulation of pigments, thereby improving the physiological state of triticale cultivars. The obtained data are of significant importance for increasing triticale yield through the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers. The nitrogen application rates tested in the experiment included: Control (background), N150, N200, N250, and N300. The study was conducted on two triticale cultivars—Odyssey and Sardor.