Bangladesh’s agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, with increasing temperatures, erratic rainfall, flooding, drought, and salinity intrusion affecting crop productivity, soil fertility, and nutrient dynamics. Soil and nutrient management practices provide essential tools for climate adaptation, improving crop resilience, nutrient use efficiency, and sustainability. This review synthesizes current knowledge on climate trends, soil degradation, nutrient dynamics, and crop-specific adaptation strategies in Bangladesh. It highlights integrated soil fertility management, organic amendments, conservation agriculture, and climate-smart nutrient practices as key interventions. Socio-economic and institutional constraints, environmental co-benefits, and trade-offs are also discussed. Finally, research gaps and policy recommendations are identified to guide future strategies for resilient and sustainable agriculture under changing climate conditions